COST Action CA23133 – LILY

Large-scale Interdisciplinary Alliance on Nature-based SoLutions and Health: Indicators, InequalitY and Innovation (LILY)
Large-scale Interdisciplinary Alliance on Nature-based SoLutions and Health: Indicators, InequalitY and Innovation (LILY)
Nature-based Solutions (NbS), instrumental in European climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, create ecosystems that can lead to both co-benefits and unintended consequences for the health of people, animals, and the environment.
The LILY COST Action focuses on NbS impacts on health, addressing gaps in frameworks, indicators, vulnerability, monitoring, and existing platforms. Through participatory approaches, LILY will co-produce a conceptual framework, best-practice guidelines, monitoring recommendations, and a data-sharing platform. It supports young scientists and promotes excellence through transdisciplinarity, the One Health concept, and inclusive, gender-balanced governance.


Working groups (WG)
LILY comprises four working groups (WG) focused on scientific and operational activities:
WG 1 - Synthesis of NbS-Health gaps, framework, methodology, data and best-practice
This WG focuses on coordinating scientific and research activities to advance NbS-Health knowledge. WG1 will address gaps in current approaches, develop protocols for impact assessment under varying environmental conditions, and create a conceptual framework with outcomes, causal pathways, and related indicators. WG1 will lead workshops and mission trips to: (i) co-develop a participatory NbS-Health framework; (ii) synthesise methods and data sources for evidence generation; and (iii) produce best-practice guidelines for indicator design to support implementation and evaluation across sectors.
WG 2 - NbS-Health capacity-building and stakeholder engagement
WG2 will lead capacity-building and stakeholder engagement activities for this Action. It will collaborate with stakeholders to review WG1 outputs in guided workshops, ensuring their usability and translating findings into training events and materials. WG2 will coordinate stakeholder workshops, training sessions, and summer schools for young scientists, fostering transdisciplinary dialogue.
WG 3 - NbS-Health Network and Data Platform
WG3 will coordinate the development, production, and maintenance of the LILY network and NbS-Health data platform. The platform will support matchmaking between study sites and academia, and host all capacity-building and dissemination materials. WG3 will work closely with the network and other WGs to share knowledge and outputs.
WG 4 - Communication and Dissemination
WG4 will lead communication, dissemination, and exploitation activities. It will translate LILY’s outputs, such as NbS-Health framework, case studies, indicator findings, scientific results, webinars, and events, into accessible formats like infographics and videos for targeted audiences.
Short Term Scientific Missions (STSM)
Short Term Scientific Missions (STSMs) are research or collaboration visits by a researcher or innovator to a host institution in another country. These missions support specific work to be carried out within a defined time frame and aim to strengthen collaboration, share knowledge, and build research capacity across borders.
STMS OPEN CALLS
- This call is open from 10 June to 20 June 2025
- Application deadline: 20 June 2025
- Evaluation period: from 20 June to 30 June, and is carried out by the grant awarding coordinator and the evaluation committee
- STSM period: between 01 July and 15 October 2025
Please note that selected participants are required to record a short video (up to 3 minutes) at the end of their STSM activities. In this video, participants should briefly present their work, key achievements, and highlights from the experience. The video, along with other communication materials, will be shared on LILY’s social media channels.
Content creation and contributions to LILY’s social media platforms and official website are also encouraged.
WG1 (2 STSM available for this grant period)
STSM 1. Project: “Enhancing the Ecosystem Services Matrix: A Literature-Based Update to Assess Health Impacts of Nature-Based Solutions”
Hosting institution: Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
Award: €2000
Description: In this project, we are conducting a literature review to build on an ecosystem service matrix relating NbS to health.
Deliverable: Active participation in the literature review activities, such as search, data extraction and data synthesis and manuscript drafting.
Required profile: We are looking for a PhD candidate conducing research in social science, data science, human geography, or health economics.
Application deadline: 20 June 2025 (23:00 CET)
Contact: María Máñez, maria.manez (at) hereon.de
STSM 2. Project: “The relationship between naturE-based solutions and management of mosquito populations”
Hosting institution: Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Greece
Award: €2000
Description: In this project, we investigate whether NbS can be used in a structural and comprehensive manner to address mosquito populations that cause nuisance or, more importantly, vector diseases.
Deliverable: Literature review and knowledge gap synthesis
Required profile: PhD candidate in urban planning or design and implementation of urban nature-based solutions (e.g., architects)
Application deadline: 20 June 2025
Contact: Antonios Michaelakis, a.michaelakis (at) bpi.gr
WG2 (1 STSM available for this grant period)
Project: “Mapping and categorising stakeholders engaged in Nature-based Solutions and health”
Hosting institution: University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
Award: €2000
Description: This Short-Term Scientific Mission aims to lay the basis for mapping and categorizing stakeholders involved in nature-based solutions and health, using an inclusive approach that incorporates diverse knowledge systems. A standardized data collection tool will be developed to enable systematic stakeholder mapping across the COST network, capturing structural, institutional, and actor-based dimensions. The mission also includes a training component to ensure consistent and competent application of the method across member countries. Additionally, a train-the-trainer capacity-building workshop will be organised. The training will focus on best practices for stakeholder identification, data structuring, ensuring methodological consistency of a harmonized and high-quality data collection process across different national contexts.
Deliverable: Development of a standardized data collection instrument for stakeholder mapping in nature-based solutions, ensuring a systematic and comparable approach across member countries of the COST network. Results of this STSM will feed into a research publication showcasing a comprehensive stakeholder map and categorisation at national level, highlighting key actors, their roles and interests. This STSM will help strengthen the methodological framework for stakeholder involvement, supporting more effective decision-making and research strategies in genetic diversity.
Required profile: early career scientists, such as PhD candidates, interested in understanding the stakeholder engagement and participatory approaches. Engagement in social science will be beneficial.
Application deadline: 20 June 2025
Contact: Elena Bužan, elena.buzan (at) upr.si
WG3 (1 STSM available for this grant period)
Project: “NbS-Health network and data platform”
Hosting institution: Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Award: €2000
Description: This project develops a pilot data platform linking Nature-based Solutions (NbS) and health. It will integrate Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract, categorize, and structure case study data, while supporting knowledge exchange among researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. The platform will prioritize seamless data integration and usability for diverse stakeholders.
Deliverable:
- Optimize prompt engineering to enhance LLM output accuracy.
- Conduct internal testing with a selected group to evaluate data consistency.
- Develop APIs to facilitate platform interoperability.
- Create documentation and training materials for end-users.
Required profile: We are looking for young scientists with the following skills:
- Database design and management (SQL, NoSQL, or similar).
- Programming (Python, R, or similar) for data parsing and LLM integration.
- Natural Language Processing (NLP) and LLM prompt engineering.
- API development for frontend-backend communication.
- Data visualization and web-based data representation.
- Experience with cloud platforms and server-side components.
- Scientific communication for documentation and stakeholder engagement
Application deadline: 20 June 2025
Contact: Senani Dayabandara, lily-cost-action (at) uni-heidelberg.de
Duration
The STSM must have a minimum duration of 5 calendar days that includes travel. The STSM needs to be carried out in its entirety within a single Grant Period and always within the Action’s lifetime.
Financial support
STSM Grant Details (Grant Period 1: November 2024 – October 2025)
The management committee of CA23133 has allocated up to €2,000 for each individual STSM during this period.
The STSM grant covers travel, accommodation, subsistence, project implementation, report submission to the COST Action Management Committee (MC), and overall effort. Grantees can carry out their missions anywhere in the world. However, the grant is a contribution and may not cover all expenses.
As participant grants are non-commercial transactions, they are not subject to VAT deductions. It is the responsibility of each participant to comply with their national tax rules and obligations regarding the grant.
STSM Grantees must arrange their own personal security, health coverage, taxation, social security, and pension matters.
Selection criteria
Applications will be assessed based on eligibility, scientific merit, alignment with LILY objectives, impact, contribution to COST excellence and inclusiveness policies (e.g., support for young researchers and gender balance), and the potential for fostering interdisciplinary collaborations based on the following criteria:
Scientific quality of the proposal:
- Relevance: Alignment with the scientific scope of COST Action LILY.
- Innovation: Contribution to interdisciplinary research, international collaboration, and new knowledge within LILY’s objectives.
- Feasibility: The likelihood of achieving the proposed objectives within the STSM timeframe.
- Career Impact: How the STSM will enhance the applicant’s professional development.
- Access to resources: Utilization of unique facilities, expertise, or equipment unavailable at the applicant’s home institution.
Applicant qualifications:
- CV and research background: The applicant’s qualifications, experience, and research contributions.
- Publication record: Preference will be given to applicants with publications related to the LILY Action themes.
Prioritization Criteria:
- Young Researchers and Innovators (YRI): Preference will be given to applicants under the age of 40 and PhD students.
- Inclusiveness Target Countries (ITC): Priority will be given to applicants affiliated with institutions in ITC countries, though applications from non-ITC institutions are also welcome.
- Gender balance: LILY is committed to promoting gender equality in all activities.
Application process
Applications should be submitted via e-COST platform.
To be filled in e-COST:
- Title of the activity
- Start and end date (must fall within the active Grant Period, i.e., no overlap across two consecutive Grant Periods)
- Budget requested
- Information about the host institution and contact person (the host institution must be in a different country than the applicant’s affiliation)
To be uploaded to e-COST:
- Application form (template available on e-COST) including:
- Goals of the activity
- Description of the work to be carried out
- Expected outcomes
- Contribution to the Action’s MoU objectives
- Confirmation from the host institution agreeing to receive the applicant.
For more information on how to apply, please see the STSM Guide and the Grant Awarding User Guide.
Reporting
STMS Reporting (e-COST template)
Reporting
Within 30 days after the STSM’s completion, the grantee must submit a scientific report to both the host institution and the Action Management Committee (MC).
The report must include:
- The purpose of the STSM
- Work carried out
- Main achievements
- Future follow-up activities
- The report must follow the official scientific report template, available in the Grant Awarding user guide and on the e-COST Supporting Documents page.
Apart from the report, selected participants are required to record a short video (up to 3 minutes) at the end of their STSM activities. In this video, participants should briefly present their work, key achievements, and highlights from the experience. The video, along with other communication materials, will be shared on LILY’s social media channels.
Host institution approval
After submitting the scientific report, the grantee must obtain an official acceptance confirmation from a researcher affiliated with the host institution.
The host institution’s approval can be a formal email confirming that:
- The STSM took place.
- The goals outlined in the work plan were achieved.
Document submission and grant completion
- The grantee must upload both the scientific report and the host institution’s acceptance confirmation (both in PDF format) to the e-COST system for the completion of the STSM.
- Failure to submit these documents will result in the cancellation of the Grant.
- Late submission may also lead to Grant cancellation and may require reimbursement of pre-paid funds.
Grant compliance
If any conditions or obligations are not met, the grant report will be rejected, and the grant will be canceled.
For further details on COST rules and Short-Term Scientific Missions, please refer to the COST Grant Awarding User Guide and COST Annotated Rules.
Virtual Mobility (VM)
Virtual Mobility enables researchers and innovators within the COST Action to collaborate virtually, exchanging knowledge and skills. Activities may include virtual mentoring, particularly for young researchers to build managerial, methodological, and communication skills, as well as supporting the harmonization of methods through surveys, discussions, and protocol creation. It also facilitates research coordination tasks, such as computational work, modelling, and data analysis, that don’t require in-person presence.
VM OPEN CALLS
- This call is open from 10 June to 20 June 2025
- Application deadline: 20 June 2025
- Evaluation period: from 20 June to 30 June, and is carried out by the grant awarding coordinator and the evaluation committee
- Virtual mobility should be carried out between 01 July and 15 October 2025
Please note that selected participants are required to record a short video (up to 3 minutes) at the end of their VM activities. In this video, participants should briefly present their work, key achievements, and highlights from the experience. The video, along with other communication materials, will be shared on LILY’s social media channels.
Content creation and contributions to LILY’s social media platforms and official website are also encouraged.
WG1 (3 VM available for this grant period)
VM1. Project: “NbS in history and management”
Hosting institution: Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Hamburg, Germany
Award: €1000
Description: This study investigates the historical development and management of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), with a focus on their multisectoral conceptualization. It addresses key gaps in the literature regarding the co-creation of NbS across sectors and aims to quantify the economic implications of implementation, including health co-benefits and disservices. A case study using German health insurance claims data will be developed to support empirical analysis of health impacts associated with NbS exposure.
Deliverable: Hands-on contribution to the paper drafting and performing calculations of the costs of maladaptation.
Required profile: A PhD candidate or a Post-doctoral fellow in health economics or human geography
Application deadline: 20 June 2025
VM2. Project: “Blue-Green Cities and Infectious Disease Risks: A Systematic Review of Climate Adaptation Strategies in relation to Vector- and Water-Borne Diseases.”
Hosting institution: the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Award: €1000
Description: We are conducting a literature review on infectious disease risk associated with blue-green nature-based solutions in urban areas.
Deliverable: We are looking for a second reviewer who will assist with the data extraction, i.e., the entire title and abstract screening phase of the review, as well as full-text screening of the first 30 included studies. And, if time permits, also contribute to the full-text screening of as many studies as feasible within the available time.
Required profile: A PhD candidate or Post-doctoral fellow. The second reviewer should have a background in scientific research, with experience in the field of infectious diseases, preferably with a focus on vector-borne (and/or water-borne, but preferably vector-borne) infectious disease risks. Familiarity with public health and one health approaches is highly recommended.
Application deadline: 20 June 2025
VM3. Project: “Marine and Coastal NBS and health.”
Hosting institution: University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Award: €1000
Description: This project explores the role of marine and coastal Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in shaping human health outcomes, building on the Ocean and Human Health framework. It investigates how these NbS can transform the framework’s structure by addressing implementation challenges, local socio-ecological realities, and issues of vulnerability and inequality.
Deliverable: Hands-on contribution to the literature review to gather evidence and contribution to paper drafting.
Required profile: A PhD candidate or a Post-doctoral fellow in human geography, marine biology, and associated disciplines
Application deadline: 20 June 2025
WG2 (1 VM available for this grant period)
Project: “Mapping and categorising stakeholders engaged in Nature-based Solutions and health”
Hosting institution: University of Primorska, Izola, Slovenia
Award: €1000
Description: This Virtual Mobility aims to lay the basis for mapping and categorizing stakeholders involved in nature-based solutions and health, using an inclusive approach that incorporates diverse knowledge systems. A standardized data collection tool will be developed to enable systematic stakeholder mapping across the COST network, capturing structural, institutional, and actor-based dimensions. The mission also includes a training component to ensure consistent and competent application of the method across member countries. Additionally, a train-the-trainer capacity-building workshop will be organised. The training will focus on best practices for stakeholder identification, data structuring, ensuring methodological consistency of a harmonized and high-quality data collection process across different national contexts.
Deliverable: Development of a standardized data collection instrument for stakeholder mapping in nature-based solutions, ensuring a systematic and comparable approach across member countries of the COST network. Results of this VM will feed into a research publication showcasing a comprehensive stakeholder map and categorisation at national level, highlighting key actors, their roles and interests. This VM will help strengthen the methodological framework for stakeholder involvement, supporting more effective decision-making and research strategies in genetic diversity.
Required profile: early career scientists, such as PhD candidates, interested in understanding the stakeholder engagement and participatory approaches. Engagement in social science will be beneficial.
Application deadline: 20 June 2025
WG3 (1 VM available for this grant period)
Project: “NbS-Health network and data platform”
Hosting institution: Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Award: €1000
Description: This project develops a pilot data platform linking Nature-based Solutions (NbS) and health. It will integrate Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract, categorize, and structure case study data, while supporting knowledge exchange among researchers, policymakers, and practitioners. The platform will prioritize seamless data integration and usability for diverse stakeholders.
Deliverable:
- Optimize prompt engineering to enhance LLM output accuracy.
- Conduct internal testing with a selected group to evaluate data consistency.
- Develop APIs to facilitate platform interoperability.
- Create documentation and training materials for end-users.
Required profile: We are looking for young scientists with the following skills:
- Database design and management (SQL, NoSQL, or similar).
- Programming (Python, R, or similar) for data parsing and LLM integration.
- Natural Language Processing (NLP) and LLM prompt engineering.
- API development for frontend-backend communication.
- Data visualization and web-based data representation.
- Experience with cloud platforms and server-side components.
- Scientific communication for documentation and stakeholder engagement
Application deadline: 20 June 2025
Activities
Examples of activities that can be performed by the VM grantee are:
- Virtual mentoring scheme, with special focus on activities and exchanges that can generate capacity building and new skills, particularly for Young Researchers and Innovators (e.g. managerial skills, methodological skills, communication skills, etc);
- To support the harmonization and standardization of methods and procedures within the Action networking activities, e.g. setting up a survey amongst all Action members to collect different results and outcomes from experiments done in their respective labs and research groups; coordinating the discussions to create common protocols to be used by the network afterwards; preparing questionnaires and response scales to be used by the Action members as part of virtual networking activities.
- To support the implementation of research coordination related activities that do not necessarily require in-person presence, e.g. computational or modelling activities; data analysis of the Action for a specific report or activity.
Duration
To be determined.
Financial support
Five VM grants (each €1000) are available for this grant period.
Selection criteria
Applications will be assessed based on eligibility, scientific merit, alignment with LILY objectives, impact, contribution to COST excellence and inclusiveness policies (e.g., support for young researchers and gender balance), and the potential for fostering interdisciplinary collaborations based on the following criteria:
Scientific quality of the proposal:
- Relevance: Alignment with the scientific scope of COST Action LILY.
- Innovation: Contribution to interdisciplinary research, international collaboration, and new knowledge within LILY’s objectives.
- Feasibility: The likelihood of achieving the proposed objectives within the VM timeframe.
- Career Impact: How the VM will enhance the applicant’s professional development.
- Access to resources: Utilization of unique facilities, expertise, or equipment unavailable at the applicant’s home institution.
Applicant qualifications:
- CV and research background: The applicant’s qualifications, experience, and research contributions.
- Publication record: Preference will be given to applicants with publications related to the LILY Action themes.
Prioritization Criteria:
- Young Researchers and Innovators (YRI): Preference will be given to applicants under the age of 40 and PhD students.
- Inclusiveness Target Countries (ITC): Priority will be given to applicants affiliated with institutions in ITC countries, though applications from non-ITC institutions are also welcome.
- Gender balance: LILY is committed to promoting gender equality in all activities.
Application process
Applications should be submitted via e-COST platform.
To be filled in e-COST:
- Title of the activity
- Start and end date (must fall within the active Grant Period, i.e., no overlap across two consecutive Grant Periods)
- Budget requested
- Information about the host institution and contact person (the host institution must be in a different country than the applicant’s affiliation)
To be uploaded to e-COST:
- Application form (template available on e-COST) including:
- The main objective of the activity
- Description of the work to be carried out
- Plan for participation
- Expected outcomes
- Contribution to the Action’s MoU objectives
- Any additional documents required by the Action (e.g., recommendation letter)
For more information, please see the Application Guide.
Reporting
VM Reporting (e-COST template)
Reporting
Within 30 days after the VM’s completion, the grantee must submit a scientific report to both the host institution and the Action Management Committee (MC).
The report must include:
- The purpose of the VM
- Work carried out
- Main achievements
- Future follow-up activities
- The report must follow the official scientific report template, available in the Grant Awarding user guide and on the e-COST Supporting Documents page.
Apart from the report, selected participants are required to record a short video (up to 3 minutes) at the end of their VM activities. In this video, participants should briefly present their work, key achievements, and highlights from the experience. The video, along with other communication materials, will be shared on LILY’s social media channels.
Host institution approval
After submitting the scientific report, the grantee must obtain an official acceptance confirmation from a researcher affiliated with the host institution.
The host institution’s approval can be a formal email confirming that:
- The VM took place.
- The goals outlined in the work plan were achieved.
Document submission and grant completion
- The grantee must upload both the scientific report and the host institution’s acceptance confirmation (both in PDF format) to the e-COST system for the completion of the VM.
- Failure to submit these documents will result in the cancellation of the Grant.
- Late submission may also lead to Grant cancellation and may require reimbursement of pre-paid funds.
Grant compliance
If any conditions or obligations are not met, the grant report will be rejected, and the grant will be canceled.
For further details on COST rules and Short-Term Scientific Missions, please refer to the COST Grant Awarding User Guide and COST Annotated Rules.
ITC Conference Grant
The ITC Conference Grant provides funding for an oral presentation by a LILY participant affiliated with a legal entity in an Inclusiveness Target Country (ITC) or Near Neighbour Country (NNC). This presentation must be within the scope of the COST Action and take place at a high-level conference that is fully organized by a third party (i.e., not organized or co-organized by the COST Action).
ITC Conference grants – OPEN CALLS
- This call is open from: to be determined
- Application deadline: to be determined
- Evaluation period:to be determined
- ITC period: to be determined
ITCs and NNCs
The current list of ITCs and NNCs:
Algeria, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Jordan, Faroe Islands, Kosovo, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Syria, Tunisia, Albania, Armenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Croatia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Republic of North Macedonia, Republic of Serbia, Türkiye and Ukraine.
Please consult the full list here.
Financial support
Two ITC conference grants (each €1000) are available for this grant period.
Selection criteria
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Oral Presentation: The applicant must present their own work at the conference, and the presentation must be included in the official event program. The presentation topic must align with the scope of the LILY COST Action.
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Acknowledgment: The grantee must introduce the COST Action LILY (with a one-slide overview) and acknowledge COST’s support during the presentation.
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Report Submission: The grantee must upload a report within 30 days of the end of the conference. A reminder will be sent 1 day and 10 days after the grant ends. The grant holder may set an earlier deadline to meet reporting requirements.
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Submission Process: The grantee will receive an e-notification to submit the report and supporting documents via eCOST. The Grant Holder and Grant Awarding Coordinator will be copied on the notification.
Application evaluation
The evaluation process involves a thorough review of eligible proposals by the Grant Awarding Coordinator and the evaluation committee. Proposals must meet the stated submission criteria to be considered.
Quality of the oral presentation:
- Scientific Impact: The presentation demonstrates a clear contribution to the scientific goals and objectives of the LILY COST Action.
- Innovation: The presentation exhibits innovative aspects, such as fostering international collaboration, introducing new knowledge relevant to LILY targets, and/or employing interdisciplinary approaches.
- Feasibility: The presentation demonstrates a feasible plan to achieve its objectives within the timeframe and resources of the LILY Action.
- Career Development: The oral presentation clearly articulates how the activity will positively impact the applicant’s career development and advancement.
Application process
Applications should be submitted via e-COST platform.
To be filled in e-COST:
- Title of the presentation
- Conference title, date (must be within the active Grant Period, i.e., no overlap between two consecutive Grant Periods), and country
- Budget requested
- Attendance type (in-person or online)
To be uploaded to e-COST:
- Application form (template available on e-COST) describing:
- Relevance of the conference topic to the Action
- Motivation for the presentation and its potential impact on the applicant’s career
- Copy of the abstract of the accepted oral presentation
- Acceptance or invitation letter from the conference organizers
- Any additional documents required by the Action (e.g., recommendation letter)